Low sperm count, also referred to as oligospermia, is a condition in which a man produces fewer than 20 million sperm cells per milliliter of semen. A low sperm count is the most common cause of male infertility. There are many potential causes of low sperm count including: •Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum) •Obstruction of the ejaculatory duct or vas deferens •Retrograde ejaculation (sperm traveling backward into the bladder rather than out through the penis) •Environmental toxins •Smoking •Alcoholism •Drug abuse •Excessive heat exposure to the testicles •Hormonal problems such as low How to diagnose low sperm count There are a few different ways to diagnose low sperm count. The first step is to consult with a fertility specialist or reproductive urologist. They will likely perform a physical exam and order some tests, including semen analysis. A semen analysis measures the amount of sperm in your sample, as well as how well they are swimming and what percentage are normal i